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Question for a4architect
Rank: Veteran Joined: 1/4/2010 Posts: 1,668 Location: nairobi
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@capri..welcome. In both methods whereby you complete fully 1 or 2 floors or the 4 floor shell, increase in cost of materials plus labour will still apply. In the 1 or 2 floors complete method, the increase in cost of materials will be mitigated by increase in rent. As Iron Sharpens Iron, So one Man Sharpens Another.
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Rank: Member Joined: 1/14/2012 Posts: 201 Location: nairobi
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What are the prices of Granito tiles? LIFE IS SO GOOD
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Rank: Member Joined: 1/13/2011 Posts: 297 Location: Nairobi
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Soil Pipe Gradient What is the recommended slope for a 4" horizontal soil pipe serving six bed sit units with a 74 feet run to septic? additionally what is the slope for 3" grey water pipe.
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Rank: Member Joined: 10/26/2011 Posts: 181 Location: Nairobi
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 I have been reading through this thread and I commend everyone for the useful information shared. It's priceless. I am in the unenviable position of trying to undertake a construction project while living outside the country. I know it presents huge risks but I still wanted to get the project started as I plan to get back and manage the project. Since pictures replace 1000 words, above is a picture of the foundation of standard residential apartments I am putting up; nothing fancy. The area of the land is approx. 230 sq m. The plan s to build 3 two bed-roomed apartments and 1 one bed-roomed apartment per floor. The ground floor will have shops + res. units. The footers have been built and 4 layers of stone and about 30 foundation columns have been erected. Contractor plans to back-fill the interior space with the soily material your see on the right side as hardcore. Up to this point, I felt my contractor was doing OK, until I saw what he plans to use for "Hardcore". My question is, is this material proper to use in place of real hardcore which should be larger gravel stones? In my budget, I have hardcore, ballast and sand catered for. Why would my contractor use this material instead of the budgeted items? This has raised doubts in me and I have stopped the construction at this point. Also what would (have) been the correct rod (chuma) size to use on raising the foundation columns; y12 or y16? He says he used Y12 in some sections and Y8 in others. Is Y8 used in any part of the foundation? I am planning to send a structural engineer to evaluate the work done so far and if necessary recommend amendments. Is this a feasible arrangement. If so can I get some leads? First time in history we can save the human race by laying in front of the TV and doing nothing. Let's not screw it up
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Rank: Member Joined: 1/26/2009 Posts: 45
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Apricot, normally you use a 300mm layer of hardcore just below the ground floor slab. Below the hardcore is well compacted backfill material. Soily material is OK for the compacted backfill below the hardcore layer. Clayey material is not. The columns can have any size of main rebars from a minimum of 12mm diameter (by main i mean the vertical rebars). Y8 cannot be used as vertical reinforcement in a column. They can be used as links though. The number and size of rebars will be determined by the loading on the column vis a vie the size of the column. I get the feeling you only got architectural drawings but no structural engineering drawings. The structural drawings would be having clear specifications on how to do the foundation and reinforcement detailing for the columns which the contractor is expected to follow. Many people get an architect to design and let fundis do the construction without the input of a structural engineer. It will cost you more to build this way than to pay engineering consultancy fees!
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Rank: Member Joined: 10/26/2011 Posts: 181 Location: Nairobi
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Thanks @Mosby. I would be relieved if the murram in the picture can be used for back-filling and the hardcore placed above it. I will verify again where any Y8's may have been used, and if any have been used in raising the columns. Do you also mean that without the structural engineer's drawing I cannot get an evaluation of the structural integrity of the foundation? First time in history we can save the human race by laying in front of the TV and doing nothing. Let's not screw it up
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Rank: Elder Joined: 10/23/2009 Posts: 2,375
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@Apricot you need to hire as Structural Engineer ASAP.Y8 for the columns in the foundation are a no no. How may floors do you intend to build coz that is what determines the size of the reinforcement to use and the absolute minimum should be Y12.Do you have someone you trust who is supervising what the contractor is doing? Otherwise one day your whole investment may just collapse. It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt... -Mark Twain
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Rank: Elder Joined: 10/9/2008 Posts: 5,389
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I thought it was mandatory that all buildings have a Structural Engineer's drawing which gives details regarding the chumas, foundation, slabs, columns, load bearing, balconies, staircases, roof etc etc, before they are approved. The structural drawing also guides fundis on the quality, quantity, sizes etc of the various materials to be used at each stage.
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Rank: Veteran Joined: 1/4/2010 Posts: 1,668 Location: nairobi
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Structural engineering drawings are mandatory for any storeyed building. A structural engineer must be retained throughout duration of construction. National construction authority enforces this so u could be breaking a law n endangering the lives of Kenyans. 100% of buildings that collapse dont have registered structural engineering supervision. As Iron Sharpens Iron, So one Man Sharpens Another.
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Rank: Member Joined: 10/26/2011 Posts: 181 Location: Nairobi
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I have independently verified that NO Y8's have been used in erecting the columns, they are Y12's. My contractor has also indicated that he is using the services of a structural engineer, so what I want to do is hire my own to confirm that I am getting the proper service. Since I have paused the construction, I have time to travel and gauge everything before I decide to proceed or not. First time in history we can save the human race by laying in front of the TV and doing nothing. Let's not screw it up
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Rank: Elder Joined: 4/22/2009 Posts: 2,863
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Apricot wrote:I have independently verified that NO Y8's have been used in erecting the columns, they are Y12's. My contractor has also indicated that he is using the services of a structural engineer, so what I want to do is hire my own to confirm that I am getting the proper service.
Since I have paused the construction, I have time to travel and gauge everything before I decide to proceed or not. There is something called load- bearing walls. In that case you do not require a single column in a building let alone columns with nominal rebars. IF YOU EXPECT ME TO POST ANYTHING POSITIVE ABOUT ASENO, YOU MAY AS WELL SIT ON A PIN
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Rank: Member Joined: 10/26/2011 Posts: 181 Location: Nairobi
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mwenza wrote:Apricot wrote:I have independently verified that NO Y8's have been used in erecting the columns, they are Y12's. My contractor has also indicated that he is using the services of a structural engineer, so what I want to do is hire my own to confirm that I am getting the proper service.
Since I have paused the construction, I have time to travel and gauge everything before I decide to proceed or not. There is something called load- bearing walls. In that case you do not require a single column in a building let alone columns with nominal rebars. Really! even if it's a residential highrise building with 4 storeys? Can the columnless load-bearing walls support the dead load? First time in history we can save the human race by laying in front of the TV and doing nothing. Let's not screw it up
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Rank: Elder Joined: 4/22/2009 Posts: 2,863
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Apricot wrote:mwenza wrote:Apricot wrote:I have independently verified that NO Y8's have been used in erecting the columns, they are Y12's. My contractor has also indicated that he is using the services of a structural engineer, so what I want to do is hire my own to confirm that I am getting the proper service.
Since I have paused the construction, I have time to travel and gauge everything before I decide to proceed or not. There is something called load- bearing walls. In that case you do not require a single column in a building let alone columns with nominal rebars. Really! even if it's a residential highrise building with 4 storeys? Can the columnless load-bearing walls support the dead load? Yes it can. Complete With 1.4 and 1.6 factors of safety for both dead and live loads respectively. IF YOU EXPECT ME TO POST ANYTHING POSITIVE ABOUT ASENO, YOU MAY AS WELL SIT ON A PIN
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Rank: Member Joined: 10/26/2011 Posts: 181 Location: Nairobi
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mwenza wrote:Apricot wrote:mwenza wrote:Apricot wrote:I have independently verified that NO Y8's have been used in erecting the columns, they are Y12's. My contractor has also indicated that he is using the services of a structural engineer, so what I want to do is hire my own to confirm that I am getting the proper service.
Since I have paused the construction, I have time to travel and gauge everything before I decide to proceed or not. There is something called load- bearing walls. In that case you do not require a single column in a building let alone columns with nominal rebars. Really! even if it's a residential highrise building with 4 storeys? Can the columnless load-bearing walls support the dead load? Yes it can. Complete With 1.4 and 1.6 factors of safety for both dead and live loads respectively. Can I assume that this is something that would/should have to be incorporated in the architectural and structural designs stages though? First time in history we can save the human race by laying in front of the TV and doing nothing. Let's not screw it up
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Rank: Elder Joined: 4/22/2009 Posts: 2,863
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Apricot wrote:mwenza wrote:Apricot wrote:mwenza wrote:Apricot wrote:I have independently verified that NO Y8's have been used in erecting the columns, they are Y12's. My contractor has also indicated that he is using the services of a structural engineer, so what I want to do is hire my own to confirm that I am getting the proper service.
Since I have paused the construction, I have time to travel and gauge everything before I decide to proceed or not. There is something called load- bearing walls. In that case you do not require a single column in a building let alone columns with nominal rebars. Really! even if it's a residential highrise building with 4 storeys? Can the columnless load-bearing walls support the dead load? Yes it can. Complete With 1.4 and 1.6 factors of safety for both dead and live loads respectively. Can I assume that this is something that would/should have to be incorporated in the architectural and structural designs stages though? Yes of course. It's only from the architectural drawings that a structural engineer can decide to go for either load- bearing walls or a frame structure. IF YOU EXPECT ME TO POST ANYTHING POSITIVE ABOUT ASENO, YOU MAY AS WELL SIT ON A PIN
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Rank: Veteran Joined: 1/4/2010 Posts: 1,668 Location: nairobi
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@apricot. Construction projects the whole world over follow the simple rules below. 1. client and architect 2. client, architect, qs 3.client, architect, qs, engineer 4.client, architect, qs, engineer, contractor. 5.client, architect, valuer,end use Any other method of implementing a construction project, no mater how big or small, will most likely lead to failure in terms of viability or structural integrity. What i can deduce is that you are not using this procedure. Your architect is mandated by law to first explain to you how construction industry work. This is step A in the CAP 525 of the Laws of Kenya. See here http://a4architect.com/about-us/fees-breakdown/
Its your responsibility as a client to find and consult a registered architect who is trained and has the necessary experience and certification to offer this service to you. After this, you will not have the kind of problems/questions that you have expressed below. Once you have retained an architect, he will advice you the roles of engineers, contracotrs etc. The world over, it is the responsibility of the owner to retain a structural engineer. Its not the responsibility of the contractor to do so.If the building collapses, its the owner, not the contractor who will be held responsible for structural defects. Also, in selecting contractors, select registered contractors who can also advise you on the norm in the construction industry when you are wrong e.g. when you have no engineer as opposed to a contracotr who takes advantage of the situation and gives you wrong advice. Previously, Kenyan laws could not enforce developers to use laid down procedures. Currently, the kind of fines you are facing are kind of huge, basing from the new construction laws. The law is drafted such that its impossible to feign ignorance. Google for Built Environment Bill 2012. It has specified huge fines for developers who don't follow rules. Last time i checked, the fines were in between hundreds of thousands to millions. My appeal for developers is for them to ensure they follow rules so as we dont make Kenya another Haiti with alot of unplanned and un supervised collapsing buildings. The reason construction cost in Kenya is higher than in South Africa is coz Kenyan developers avoid/are ignorant on the use of consultants to enable cost savings .Kenyan developers mostly use fundis/contractors for the wrong skill/set hence dont benefit from use of cost cutting techniques/ideas which come about from consultants. As Iron Sharpens Iron, So one Man Sharpens Another.
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Rank: Veteran Joined: 4/4/2007 Posts: 1,162
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Apricot wrote:mwenza wrote:Apricot wrote:I have independently verified that NO Y8's have been used in erecting the columns, they are Y12's. My contractor has also indicated that he is using the services of a structural engineer, so what I want to do is hire my own to confirm that I am getting the proper service.
Since I have paused the construction, I have time to travel and gauge everything before I decide to proceed or not. There is something called load- bearing walls. In that case you do not require a single column in a building let alone columns with nominal rebars. Really! even if it's a residential highrise building with 4 storeys? Can the columnless load-bearing walls support the dead load? @Apricot, @Mwenza is giving you some good advise. But @a4architect is giving you even better advise, that is, get a structural engineer to design and supervise your structural bit. A stru engineer will give you the most economical and sound design, you may discover you don't even require the columns. And note that in Kenya, the structural eng mat be that guy also called a civil engineer.
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Rank: Elder Joined: 6/2/2011 Posts: 4,818 Location: -1.2107, 36.8831
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a4architect.com wrote:@apricot. Construction projects the whole world over follow the simple rules below. 1. client and architect 2. client, architect, qs 3.client, architect, qs, engineer 4.client, architect, qs, engineer, contractor. 5.client, architect, valuer,end use Any other method of implementing a construction project, no mater how big or small, will most likely lead to failure in terms of viability or structural integrity. Why would a QS come before an Engineer? just asking! Receive with simplicity everything that happens to you.” ― Rashi
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Rank: Veteran Joined: 1/4/2010 Posts: 1,668 Location: nairobi
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@dunkang. Once a client shapes the building design to a preliminary size and shape, the Qs comes in with input to further adjust the size,cost and shape in relation to building economics. The structural engineer comes in when the design has already taken a more or less comlete shape that is in agreement with the client budget and taste. This way, the engineer is saved from redoing /redesigning his structures all over . Most of the redesign is left for the architect to do hence saving costs and time for other consultants. As Iron Sharpens Iron, So one Man Sharpens Another.
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Rank: Member Joined: 12/21/2009 Posts: 602
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Also Apricot:
Did you obtain the necessary permissions to build from the county/council authorities? if you had, they would have asked for the structural drawings, then you would have known to consult with an structural engineer to generate those drawings.
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