HA sequences from Kenya have been released through the US Air Force surveillance program. These sequences identified high levels of oseltamivir resistance H1N1 in Kenya,and provided additional support for recombination and the role of A193T in the fixing of H274Y. Most of the sequences fell into two groups. One matched the sequences released from isolates collected last season in Kenya. These sequences had G189N (H3 numbering),which was encoded by two adjacent non-synonymous changes,G604A and G605A. However,a second group matched the oseltamivir resistant isolates identified in South Africa over the summer. These isolates also had G189N,but were flanked by two additional changes S187N and A193T. S187N was found in clade 2C in Hong Kong,while A193T had also been in clade 2C prior to acquisition by the clade 2B sub-clade that emerged worldwide this season. There were six isolates (see list below) that had the three receptor binding changes,S187N,G189N,and A193T,which was the dominant sub-clade in South Africa and also was in an isolate from Washington state. Moreover,phylogenetic analysis of the NA sequences suggests an isolate from Chiba,Japan also matches this group. The isolates in Kenya were collected in October and November,but support an earlier Kenya origin for G189N.

In addition to the series that matches the isolates from South Africa,another isolate,A/Mbagathi/7586/2008,has G189A and A193T,which matches another isolate from the US that emerged this season,A/Hawaii/19/2008. This combination also matches another series from Japan this season,based on phylogenetc analysis of NA.

Another Kenya isolate from the summer,A/Kisumu/6543/2008,has G189N plus H196R. H196R is in the dominant H1N1 sub-clade reported to date in the United States,as well as multiple locations in Japan this season.

Yet another isolate,A/Kisii/7577/2008,has G189N plus A193T.

Thus,the isolates from Kenya contain a number of combinations of receptor binding domain polymorphisms which match H1N1 isolates with H274Y on NA,as well as A193T on HA.

@
swine flu

I am going bak to class! Mimi huyoooooo

Jesus Loves me this I know,for the bible tells me so!

ngai baba...

tutu

am coming with u


don't worry....be happy

Ngai wa gatamira........!!!!.....

.Sasa hii Oseltamivir inaweza kuwa mavi ya kuku inayopatikana Oserian....??


God gives,mugikuyu takes.

@ Kaza

Can you give us the previous link? I remember reading this.


Fundamentals + Sentiments = Position

either am not sober or.......tingiza kichwa.......bando am not sober or i need some educating!!!

If you have money that you expect to start using in five years,it now belongs in stocks.

@Achiever,

Muratina haiwesmek........Tafuta gum ya viatu.!!!....Meanwhile,i have figured out a couple of vocabularies or is it terms?.....Kisii,Japan,Kenya,Nakuru....etc (end of thinking Capacity)


God gives,mugikuyu takes.

Phew!! Hii ni ngumu kuliko mawe. But its good to acknowledge the source

http://www.recombinomics.../H274Y_Kenya_A193T.html

'A stone is heavy,and the sand weighty; but a fool’s wrath is heavier than them both.' (Proverbs 27:3).

@jacy

English haiwesimek.......

it is gum my friend........

had to look for an old shoe...nipeleke repair.......

na bado sielewek






don't worry....be happy